原文来自Farnam Street网站。讨论了业余人士和专业人士的思维方式区别。除了列举的若干条思维模式值得借鉴以往，业余人士和专业人士的最大区别是：业余人士认为世界按照他们的想象运转，而专业人士则是找到现实，适应现实。
Why is it that some people seem to be hugely successful and do so much, while the vast majority of us struggle to tread water?
为什么有些人取得了巨大的成功，并且成果丰硕，而我们绝大多数人都在原地踏步？
The answer is complicated and likely multifaceted.
答案是复杂的，可能是多方面的。
One aspect is mindset—specifically, the difference between amateurs and professionals.
一个方面是思维方式，特别是业余人士和专业人士之间的思维区别。
Most of us are just amateurs.
我们大多数只是业余人士。
What’s the difference? Actually, there are many differences:
两者有什么不同？其实区别很多：
* Amateurs stop when they achieve something. Professionals understand that the initial achievement is just the beginning.
* 业余人士取得了一点成绩就停下来。专业人士明白，最初的成就只是开始。
* Amateurs have a goal. Professionals have a process.
* 业余人士目标导向。专业人士流程导向。
* Amateurs think they are good at everything. Professionals understand their circles of competence.
* 业余人士认为他们擅长一切。专业人士了解他们的能力范围。
* Amateurs see feedback and coaching as someone criticizing them as a person. Professionals know they have weak spots and seek out thoughtful criticism.
* 业余人士把反馈和指导当作别人批评他们。专业人士知道他们有弱点，寻求有价值的批评意见。
* Amateurs value isolated performance. Think about the receiver who catches the ball once on a difficult throw. Professionals value consistency. Can I catch the ball in the same situation 9 times out of 10?
* 业余人士看重孤立的表现。你可以想一下，有个接球员接住了一次高难度的投球。专业人士看重一致性。问：我可以在同样的情况下接住10次中的9次球吗？
* Amateurs give up at the first sign of trouble and assume they’re failures. Professionals see failure as part of the path to growth and mastery.
* 业余人士遇到第一个麻烦就放弃，并认为他们失败了。专业人士认为失败是通向成长和精通之路的一部分。
* Amateurs don’t have any idea what improves the odds of achieving good outcomes. Professionals do.
* 业余人士不了解什么可以提高好的结果的概率。专业人士知道。
* Amateurs show up to practice to have fun. Professionals realize that what happens in practice happens in games.
* 业余人士练习是为了乐趣。专业人士意识到，练习就是实战。
* Amateurs focus on identifying their weaknesses and improving them. Professionals focus on their strengths and on finding people who are strong where they are weak.
* 业余人士专注于确定他们的弱点并改进它们。专业人士专注于自己的优势，寻找弥补自己弱势的合作伙伴。
* Amateurs think knowledge is power. Professionals pass on wisdom and advice.
* 业余人士认为知识就是力量。专业人士传承智慧和忠告。
* Amateurs focus on being right. Professionals focus on getting the best outcome.
* 业余人士专注于正确与否。专业人士专注于获得最佳结果。
* Amateurs focus on first-level thinking. Professionals focus on second-level thinking.
* 业余人士专注于第一层思维。专业人士专注于第二层思维。
* Amateurs think good outcomes are the result of their brilliance. Professionals understand when outcomes are the result of luck.
* 业余人士认为好的结果来源于他们聪明。专业人士了解什么时候结果来源于运气。
* Amateurs focus on the short term. Professionals focus on the long term.
* 业余人士关注短期。专业人士长期关注。
* Amateurs focus on tearing other people down. Professionals focus on making everyone better.
* 业余人士专注于撕毁别人。专业人士专注于让每个人更好。
* Amateurs make decisions in committees so there is no one person responsible if things go wrong. Professionals make decisions as individuals and accept responsibility.
* 业余人士在委员会中做出决定，如果出现问题，没有人负责任。专业人士作为个人作出决定并承担责任。
* Amateurs blame others. Professionals accept responsibility.
* 业余人士责怪他人。专业人士承担责任。
* Amateurs show up inconsistently. Professionals show up every day.
* 业余人士三天打鱼二天晒网。专业人士每天都会出现。
* Amateurs go faster. Professionals go further.
* 业余人士走的快。专业人士走的远。
* Amateurs go with the first idea that comes into their head. Professionals realize the first idea is rarely the best idea.
* 业余人士喜欢头脑里出现的第一个想法。专业人士意识到，第一个想法很少是最好的主意。
* Amateurs think in ways that can’t be invalidated. Professionals don’t.
* 业余人士爱用无法被证伪的方法思考。专业人士不会。
* Amateurs think in absolutes. Professionals think in probabilities.
* 业余人士绝对性思考。专业人士考虑概率。
There are a host of other differences, but they can effectively be boiled down to two things: fear and reality.
还有许多其他的差异，但是它们可以有效地归结为两件事情：恐惧和现实。
Amateurs believe that the world should work the way they want it to. Professionals realize that they have to work with the world as they find it. Amateurs are scared — scared to be vulnerable and honest with themselves. Professionals feel like they are capable of handling almost anything.
业余人士认为，世界应该按照自己想要的方式工作。专业人士意识到，他们必须找到现实，并且与现实世界一起工作。业余人士害怕 – 害怕自己变得脆弱和害怕对自己诚实。专业人士觉得他们几乎能处理任何东西。
Luck aside, which approach do you think is going to yield better results?
不考虑运气的因素，你认为哪种思维方法会产生更好的结果？
Food for Thought:
思维练习：
* In what circumstances do you find yourself behaving like an amateur instead of as a professional?
* What’s holding you back? Are you hanging around people who are amateurs when you should be hanging around professionals?
* 你在什么情况下发现自己的行为像一个业余人士，而不是一个专业人士？
* 什么阻止了你？你是不是周边都是业余人士，当你本应该身处专业人士周围的时候？
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